This book is devoted to the systematic presentation of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). It details methods for formulating non-standard problems and ways to solve them, laws of system evolution, method of forecasting development of system, structural analysis and synthesis of system, systems modeling methods, methods to identify and resolve contradictions, methods of detection and use of resources.
The theoretical material is illustrated by many examples, problems, and graphical material (approximately 300 examples and problems, and approximately 400 illustrations). It describes more than 300 concepts. Material for independent work is provided at the end of each chapter.
The book is intended for students of engineering disciplines. It can also be useful for engineers and inventors, scientists, university professors, and those who solve creative problems.
Vladimir Petrov. TRIZ Basics. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. Paperback. In
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Reviewers: 2
FOREWORD_ 3
Reviews 1 Ellen Domb, Ph.D. 3
Reviews 2 Sergei Ikovenko, Dr-Eng, PhD. 5
Reviews 3 Valeri Souchkov 7
Reviews 4 Simon S. Litvin, PhD. 9
Reviews 5 Oleg Feygenson, PhD. 12
Reviews 6 Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Pavel Livotov 15
Reviews 7 Oleg Abramov, Ph.D. 17
Reviews 8 Andrey Efimov, PhD. 18
Reviews 9 Valeriy Prushinskiy 19
Reviews 10 Yury Fedosov Ph.D. 21
Reviews 11 Marat Gafitulin, Ph.D_ 23
Reviews 12 Lev Pevzner, Ph.D_ 24
Abbreviations 25
Acknowledgement 26
INTRODUCTION_ 27
Chapter 1. CONVENTIONAL PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES_ 31
1.1. Introduction_ 32
1.2. Trial and error method_ 33
1.3. Psychological inertia 36
1.3.1. Use of special terms. 37
1.3.2. Parametric representation. 38
1.3.3. Tradition. 39
1.3.4. System of values. 41
1.3.5. Principle of operation. 41
1.3.6. Form.. 43
1.4. Lack of systems thinking 44
1.5. Independent work_ 45
1.5.1. Quiz. 45
1.5.2. Topics for reports and abstracts. 46
1.5.3. Assignment 46
Chapter2. OVERVIEW OF TRIZ_ 47
2.1. What is TRIZ? 48
2.2. Levels of invention_ 49
2.3. TRIZ functions 55
2.4. TRIZ structure 55
2.5. Using TRIZ tools 61
2.6. Inventive thinking 63
2.6.1. Quality inventive thinking. 63
2.6.2. Methods of inventive thinking. 65
2.7. TRIZ in the world_ 66
2.8. Quiz 68
Chapter 3. SYSTEMS APPROACH_ 69
3.1. Basic definitions of systems approach_ 71
3.1.1. Systems thinking. 71
3.1.2. System.. 72
3.1.3. Function. 75
3.1.4. Process. 78
3.1.5. Flow.. 81
3.1.6. Hierarchy. 84
3.2. Systemacity 87
3.2.1. General concepts. 87
3.2.2. The lack of systematization. 90
3.2.3. Evolutionary development 91
3.3. System operator 91
3.4. Accounting for effects 97
3.5. Systems approach to design_ 98
3.5.2. System analysis. 99
3.5.3. Analysis to identify disadvantage. 100
3.7. Independent work_ 114
3.7.1. Quiz. 114
3.7.2. Topics for report and abstract 115
3.7.3. Assignment 115
Chapter 4. LAWS OF TECHNICAL SYSTEM EVOLUTION_ 116
4.1. General information_ 118
4.2. Law of S-curve evolution of systems 120
4.2.1. General information. 120
4.2.2. Envelope curve. 122
4.3. Structure of laws of technical system evolution_ 124
4.4. Law of building systems 126
4.4.1. General considerations. 126
4.4.2. Law of completeness of system components. 127
4.4.3. Law of flow conductivity. 138
4.4.4. Law of minimum coordination of system components and parameters. 140
4.4.5. Construction of new system.. 142
4.5. Laws of system evolution_ 143
4.5.1. Overview.. 143
4.5.2. Law of increasing degree of ideality. 144
4.5.3. Law of increasing degree of controllability. 160
4.5.4. Law of increasing degree of dynamicity. 171
4.5.5. Law of transition to micro-level 178
4.5.7. Law of increasing degree of coordination. 192
4.5.8. Law of convolution – deployment 203
4.5.9. Law of balanced development of system components. 217
4.6. Laws of technical system evolution – G. Altshuller 219
4.7. Forecasting of technical system evolution_ 223
4.7.1. Main concepts of forecasting. 223
4.7.2. Forecasting with TRIZ.. 224
4.7.3. Analysis of system level evolution. 225
4.7.4. Express Forecasting. 228
4.8. Examples of express forecasting 229
4.8.1. System definition. 229
4.8.2. Analysis of level of system evolution in the laws of technical system evolution. 230
4.9. Independent work_ 234
4.9.1. Quiz. 234
4.9.2. Topics for reports and abstracts. 236
4.9.3. Assignment 236
Chapter 5. Su-Field analysis 238
5.1. Concepts of Su-Field analysis 240
5.2. Basic configuration_ 243
5.3. Types of Su-Field systems 246
5.3.1. Su-Field model for fields. 246
5.3.2. Types of Su-Field systems for measurement and detection. 250
5.4. Elimination of harmful interactions 279
5.4.1. Trends of elimination of harmful interactions. 279
5.4.2. Elimination of harmful interaction by introducing S3. 282
5.4.3. Elimination of harmful interaction by introducing S3 = S1, S2 or modifications. 287
5.4.4. Elimination of harmful interactions by introduction of substance S3 = S1', S2', and field F2. 295
5.4.5. "Pulling" harmful effects. 297
5.4.6. Elimination of harmful interactions by introducing F2. 298
5.4.7. Elimination of harmful interactions by introducing S3 and F2. 301
5.4.8. Elimination of harmful interactions by introducing S3, F2, and F3. 302
5.4.9. Elimination of harmful interactions between substance and field by introducing S2 and F3. 305
5.4.10. Elimination of harmful interactions between substance and field by changing S1 on S2 and introduction of F3. 307
5.5. Finding the desired effect 310
5.6. Law of increasing degree of Su-Field_ 312
5.7. Independent work_ 316
5.7.1. Quiz. 316
5.7.1. Topics for reports and abstracts. 318
5.7.3. Assignment 318
Chapter 6. ALGORITHM OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (ARIZ) 319
6.1. Inventive situation and inventive problem_ 321
6.2. Concept of contradiction_ 325
6.2.1. General concepts. 325
6.2.2. Administrative Contradiction. 326
6.2.3. Technical Contradiction. 327
6.2.4. Physical Contradiction. 328
6.2.5. Methods of resolving Physical Contradiction. 332
6.3. Ideal Final Result (IFR) 343
6.4. Use of IFR_ 346
6.4.1. Conditions of problem.. 346
6.4.2. Solving problems. 350
6.5. Path to solution ideas 356
6.6. Logic of ARIZ_ 359
6.7. Practice on logic of ARIZ_ 367
6.8. Concepts and definitions of ARIZ-85-C_ 409
6.9. Structure of ARIZ-85-C_ 419
6.9.1. Overview.. 419
6.9.2. First part 422
6.9.3. Second part 423
6.9.4. Third part 423
6.9.5. Fourth part 423
6.9.6. Fifth part 423
6.9.7. Sixth part 424
6.9.8. Seventh part 424
6.9.9. Eighth part 425
6.9.10. Ninth part 426
6.10. Part 1: Analysis of problem_ 427
6.10.1. Basic concepts and structure of first part of ARIZ.. 427
6.10.2. Formulation of mini-problem.. 431
6.10.3. Identification of conflict pair. 434
6.10.4. Formulation of Technical Contradiction. 439
6.10.5. Selection of conflict pair. 444
6.10.6. Intensify contradiction. 446
6.10.7. Formulation of model of problem.. 448
6.10.8. Su-Field model of problem.. 451
6.11. Part 2: Analysis of model of problem_ 456
6.11.1. Basic concepts and structure of second part of ARIZ.. 456
6.11.2. Determination of Operating Zone. 459
6.11.3. Determination of Operating Time. 461
6.12. Part 3: Determination of IFR and PC_ 464
6.12.1. Basic concepts and structure of third part of ARIZ.. 464
6.12.2. Formulation of Ideal Final Result – IFR.. 465
6.12.3. Intensified formulation of IFR.. 466
6.12.4. Formulation of Physical Contradiction. 468
6.12.5. Formulation of IFR-2. 470
6.12.6. Application of system of standards. 471
6.13. Part 4: Use and application of SFR_ 474
6.13.1. Basic concepts and structure of fourth part of ARIZ.. 474
6.13.2. Application of MLP. 476
6.13.3. Step back from IFR.. 480
6.13.4. Application of transformed SFR.. 482
6.14. Part 5: Use of Knowledge Base 486
6.14.1. Basic concepts and structure of fifth part of ARIZ.. 486
6.14.2. Application of system of standards. 488
6.14.3. Use of problem-analogy. 489
6.14.4. Use of standard transformations. 490
6.14.5. Use of technological effects. 493
6.15. Part 6: Change and/or change the problem_ 493
6.16. Part 7: Analysis of method to remove PC_ 500
6.16.1. Basic concepts and structure of seventh part of ARIZ.. 500
6.16.2. Checking solutions. 501
6.16.3. Assessment of solution. 503
6.16.4. Determination of novelty and sub-problems. 504
6.17. Part 8: Application of obtained solution_ 505
6.17.1. Basic concepts and structure of eighth part of ARIZ.. 505
6.17.2. Coordination of obtained solution. 507
6.17.3. Use obtained solution for a new purpose. 508
6.17.4. Use ideas of solution. 509
6.18. Part 9: Analysis of solution_ 512
6.19. Practical ARIZ_ 515
6.20. Independent work_ 532
6.20.1. Quiz. 532
6.20.2. Topics for reports and abstracts. 534
6.20.3. Assignment 534
7. TRIZ KNOWLEDGE BASE_ 539
7.1. Inventive principles for resolving contradictions 541
7.1.1. System of inventive principles. 541
7.1.2. Principles for eliminating Technical Contradiction. 541
7.1.3. Methods for eliminating Physical Contradiction. 547
7.1.4. Use of Table for Eliminating Technical Contradiction. 552
7.2. Technological effects 561
7.2.1. Physical effects. 563
7.2.2. Chemical effects. 566
7.2.3. Biological effects. 569
7.2.4. Mathematical effects. 572
7.3. Resources 578
7.3.1. General concepts. 578
7.3.2. Classification of system resources. 579
7.4. Application of system for a new purpose 597
7.4.1. General concepts. 597
7.4.2. Identification of properties. 598
7.4.3. Use of identified properties. 599
7.5. Standard Inventive Solutions 601
7.5.1. Overview of standards. 601
7.5.2. Algorithm of application of standards. 618
7.6. Independent work_ 619
7.6.1. Quiz. 619
7.6.2. Topics for reports and abstracts. 621
7.6.3. Assignment 621
Chapter 8. METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP_ 624
8.1. Methods of development of creative imagination (DCI) 626
8.1.1. General concepts. 626
8.1.2. Review of methods and techniques of development of creative imagination. 628
8.1.4. Method of Modeling Little People (MLP). 651
8.2. Theory of creative personality development 664
8.2.1. Worthy Goal 664
8.2.2. Work plans. 666
8.2.3. Work efficiency. 666
8.2.4. Technology problem solving. 667
8.2.5. Ability to take a punch. 667
8.2.6. Effectiveness. 668
8.3. Theory of creative group development 668
8.4. Literature 669
8.4.1. Methods of development of creative imagination. 669
8.4.2. Theory of creative personality development 672
8.4.3. Development of creative groups. 673
8.5. Independent work_ 673
8.5.1. Quiz. 673
8.5.2. Topics for reports and abstracts. 674
8.5.3. Assignment 675
CONCLUSION_ 678
Recommendations on use of TRIZ tools 679
Recommendations for improving knowledge of TRIZ_ 680
LITERATURE_ 686
Appendix 696
Appendix 1. V. Petrov. Practical ARIZ (text) 697
Appendix 2. Problem Analysis 713
Analysis of problems using logic of ARIZ.. 713
Analysis of problems using Practical ARIZ.. 721
Appendix 3. TRIZ Sites 745
Index 746
Author's TRIZ book in English_ 750
About autor 818